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''Beyond Capricorn: How Portuguese adventurers secretly discovered and mapped Australia and New Zealand 250 years before Captain Cook'' is a 2007 book by journalist Peter Trickett on the theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia. Although its thesis is similar to that advanced by Kenneth McIntyre in 1977,〔McIntyre, K.G (1977) ''The Secret Discovery of Australia, Portuguese ventures 200 years before Cook.'' Souvenir Press, Menindie ISBN 0-285-62303-6〕 Lawrence Fitzgerald in 1984〔Fitzgerald, L (1984). ''Java La Grande.'' The Publishers, Hobart ISBN 0-949325-00-7〕 and others, the publisher and some news reports〔(An Australian publishing house based in South Australia )〕 presented it as being a new theory on the discovery of Australia.〔See for example (''Guardian Unlimited'', 22 March 2007 ) Several of these reports also claimed the theory "proved" Cook was not the first to discover Australia.〕 Historical scholars, including Flinders University Associate Professor Bill Richardson,〔Richardson, W.A.R. ''Yet Another Version of the Portuguese 'Discovery' of Australia'' (). "The Globe",Issue 59; 2007; p 59-60. Availability: () ISSN: 0311-3930. (9 Jan 09 )〕 generally reject the premise on which the book is based, pointing out that only circumstantial evidence has been presented which supports the theory.〔(Phillip Knightley's review in the ''Sydney Morning Herald'' )〕〔(A send-up of Trickett's theory on Jonathan Crowe's Map Room site )〕〔(Letters in The Guardian, Monday 26 March 2007 )〕〔''Agora'', Vol 42, No. 2, 2007. Journal of the History Teacher's Association of Victoria. Book reviews, P.64. ISSN:0044-6726〕 The book has been translated into Portuguese.〔''Para além de Capricórnio,'' Lisboa, Caderno, 2008.〕 On 8 May 2008 the colloquium of specialists in Portuguese maritime history, "Os Portugueses na Austrália", was held at the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra in Portugal, to discuss ''Beyond Capricorn''. The consensus of the experts was expressed by the chair of the colloquium, Francisco Domingues, who said: "the Portuguese went to Australia but Australia did not at all interest them", and "the Portuguese went to Australia; the English discovered it (in the sense of having given to it a place in the community of nations)".〔http://www.publico.pt/cultura/noticia/os-portugueses-estiveram-na-australia-os-ingleses-descobriramna-1328179〕 In 2013 the essays, opinions and discussions presented on the colloquium were collected in a book entitled "Portugueses na Austrália", published by Coimbra University Press.〔http://www.uc.pt/imprensa_uc/catalogo/documentos/australia〕 == Synopsis == The title of the book refers to the sixteenth century Dieppe maps of France which in part show land in a continent extending south of the Tropic of Capricorn that is in the area of Australia. Trickett claims that the Portuguese were the first Europeans to discover Australia, between 1519–23, well before the first recognised landfall of Europeans in Australia in 1606 by Willem Janszoon. According to Trickett, a 1520 expedition searching for gold and led by Diogo Pacheco (a relative of Duarte Pacheco), may have been the first Europeans to sight Australia, in the present-day Kimberley region of Western Australia. Using an account from João de Barros's ''Décadas da Ásia'', a 1786 history of the Portuguese empire in Asia, Trickett argues Pacheco was killed at Napier Broome Bay, in a battle with Aborigines.〔Trickett, P. (2007) pps 37-70〕 Trickett claims the Carronade Island cannons originate from this voyage.〔Trickett, P. (2007) pps 39-48. Trickett dismisses the 1980s research into the Carronade Island Cannons by Jeremy Green, see footnote on pps353-355. For Green's 2006 publication on the cannons, which Trickett apparently did not consult, see ("An investigation of one of the two bronze guns from Carronade Island, Western Australia" )〕 Most of the book, however, focuses on the claimed voyage of a fleet of four ships commanded by Cristóvão de Mendonça, along the eastern and southern coasts of Australia then to New Zealand shortly afterwards, and another Portuguese voyage along the west coast. Trickett uses one of the Dieppe maps in the highly decorated "Vallard" atlas of 1547 to demonstrate this. Trickett claims that Mendonça travelled down the east coast of Australia, sailing into Botany Bay and then around Wilsons Promontory to Kangaroo Island, before returning to Portuguese-controlled Malacca via the North Island of New Zealand. He also claims the Portuguese charted the Western Australian coast, as far south as the southwest tip of Australia. Trickett claims that the French Vallard maps〔(See Images of the Vallard atlas 1547 )〕 were composed of several portolan charts that were incorrectly assembled from now lost Portuguese charts. Trickett adjusts parts of the Vallard maps by rotating them 90 degrees, giving what he claims is a remarkably accurate depiction of Australia's eastern, southern, and western coasts. Trickett goes through almost every written location on the Vallard maps, giving an English translation and explaining where he believes the place is located. He also mentions the mythical Mahogany Ship, the ruins at Bittangabee Bay on the south coast of New South Wales, various Aboriginal legends and alleged linguistic similarities, and various artefacts found in Queensland and New Zealand which he claims pre-date known European exploration, as further evidence of a Portuguese discovery of Australia and New Zealand.〔(See Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beyond Capricorn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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